advantages of observation sociology

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• advantages of observation sociology

  The strengths and limitations of covert participant observation | ReviseSociology, Some (Relatively) Recent Examples of Participant Observation Studies | ReviseSociology, How I would’ve answered A level sociology paper 3: crime and deviance with theory and methods, June 2017 | ReviseSociology, Participant Observation – Essay Plan | ReviseSociology, Learning to Labour by Paul Willis – Summary and Evaluation of Research Methods | ReviseSociology, Methods in Context Essay Template | ReviseSociology, All My A Level Sociology Revision Resources, The Functionalist Perspective on the Family, Positivism and Interpretivism in Social Research, The Functionalist Perspective on Education, The Functionalist Perspective on Crime and Deviance, Environmental problems and sustainable development, Social Action Theory (Interpretivism and Interactionism), Social class, wealth and income inequalities. Young remarks that in observation, no attempt is made to use instruments of precision to check the accuracy of the phenomenon. Advantages of covert observation It does not disturb the normal behaviour of the group so there is higher validity It allows the observer to dig deeper into the groups' behaviour It gives access to certain secret behavior of the group Two persons may judge the same phenomena differently. During participant observation, which is used in social science studies, the researchers actively become part of the group being investigated. Prohibited Content 3. How various sociologists have justified their use of Participant Observation as a TOS 7. Some people do not have time or required skill to provide important information to the researcher. Critics also question how valid participant observation really is. This closeness to people’s reality means that participant observation can give uniquely personal, authentic data. Participant Observation is where the researcher joins in with the group being studied and observes their behaviour. It should have better reliability than with participant observation because the research is less involved. It requires high cost, plenty of time and hard effort. It has become a culture as well that it has been taken as an act of socialization and interaction amongst groups of people — family, friends, workmates and significant others. Therefore, aiming to keep the observation objective and free from bias. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The relative-ness of the social phenomena and the personal bias of the observer again create difficulty for making valid generalization in observation. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Only those observers who are having the technical knowledge about the observation can make scientific observation. A further threat to validity is the Hawthorne Effect, where people act differently because they know they are being observed, although participant observers would counter this by saying that people can’t keep up an act over long time periods: they will eventually relax and be themselves. Young rightly remarks that the valid observation cannot be hurried; we cannot complete our investigation in a short period through observation. The event may take place in the absence of the observer. For example, love, affection, feeling and emotion of parents towards their children are not open to our senses and also cannot be quantified by observational techniques. However, this only happens if the observation is covert. It has been written primarily for students studying the research methods aspect of A-level sociology. For example, the quarrel and fight between two individuals or groups is never certain. One advantage of choosing overt participant observation as a source of data compared with covert participation could relate to the validity of the study. advantages of participant observation Essay Examples. Most famous examples of covert observation are also examples of participant observation, however, it would be possible to conduct a non-participant covert observation with CCTV, for example. One person may find something meaningful and useful from a situation but the other may find nothing from it. Checking the validity of observation is always difficult. P.V. There are few practical advantages with this method, but participant observation might be the only methods for gaining access to certain groups. An advantage of covert observation is that it should be high in validity , as people are observed in natural surroundings, and – as they are unaware of being observed – the Hawthorne Effect is avoided. Observation is a costly affair. Sociological Theories of Crime and Deviance – A Very Brief Overview. advantages of participant observation. Often some respondents do not like to speak about themselves to an outsider. There are at least five reasons for this: You can observe what people do, not what they say they do – In contrast to most other methods, participant observation allows the researcher to see what people do rather than what people say they do. There are several ways of observing any consumer/ consumer groups and therefore to… This is especially the case when research participants have a conscious or unconscious bias towards presenting their “best self” to a researcher. Joining in allows the researcher to gain empathy through personal experiences. All these help him a lot to form a hypothesis on them. Advantages of covert participant observation Gaining access, especially to closed groups, is much easier because the researcher does not have to seek permission. For example, a researcher using questionnaires to research street gangs is likely to be seen as an authority figure and unlikely to be accepted. For example, focu… Verstehen/empathetic understanding– participant observation allows the researcher to fully join the group and to see things through the eyes (and actions) of the people in group. Observation is probably the most common and the simplest method of data collection. Disadvantages Of Big Data 1949 Words | 8 Pages. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. By contrast, participant observation is much more flexible. It would be almost impossible for another researcher to repeat given that a participant observation study relies on the personal skills and characteristics of the lone researcher. Observation is a highly technical job. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. >> Collect data where and when an event or activity is occurring. It is easier for the researcher to blend into the background compared to participant observation, which should mean people act more naturally. The advantages and disadvantages of Participant Observation as a method of sociological research. Participant Observation Advantages and Disadvantages. The rapport established between the sociologist and the social group may produce more valid data. Observer Bias. Because of this it is called as one of the most expensive methods of data collection. Practical Advantages. As a common method, it is very easily followed and accepted. Such problems arise because of the uncertainty of the event. Top Tag’s. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. There are two types of Observation methods: - Non-Participant observation - Participant Observation Following are the advantages of this method: - It helps in overcoming issues of validity, bias etc In extreme cases, researchers might ‘go native’, where they become sympathatic with the respondents and omit any negative analysis of their way of life. However, with covert PO you are unable to do so because it would be suspicious, especially if you are observing dangerous ways of life. Many social events are very much uncertain in nature. The biggest advantage of observational research has already been noted: it enables businesses to observe potential customers in a natural setting, which can reveal penetrating insights unavailable through other methods such as focus groups and surveys. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Although scientific controlled observation requires some technical skill of the researcher, still it is easier than other methods. Observation. Participant Observation takes place in natural settings – this should mean respondents act more naturally than in a laboratory, or during a more formal interview. In the case of animals observation is the only way out. Disadvantages Control can effect behavior. So it has greater universality of practice. Privacy Policy 8. The researcher may employ other methods like case study; interview etc. Ethical Advantages Legality can also be an issue in covert research where researchers working with deviant groups may have to do illegal acts to maintain their cover. A little training can make a person perfect, to observe his surroundings. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Because social phenomena cannot be controlled or used for laboratory experiments, generalizations made by observation method are not very reliable. The observer may have his own ideas of right and wrong or he may have different pre-conceptions regarding an event which kills the objectivity in social research. 2. Provides a safe environment to study continuous concepts. Participant Observation also requires observational and interpersonal skills that not everyone possesses – you have to be able to get on with people and understand when to take a back seat and when to probe for information. Students often think that Covert Observation is superior to Over Observation, however there are five reasons why Overt might be a better choice of research method: 1. Sociological Observation Essay Sample Eating in restaurants has become a part of society. For example, a researcher using questionnaires to research street gangs is likely to be seen as an authority figure and unlikely to be accepted. Covert research may be the only way to gain access to deviant groups, it may enable you to gain fuller ‘immersion’ into the host culture and avoids the ‘Hawthorne Effect’. The concept of empathy and how it relates to the idea of Participant Observation. This issue doesn't arise with overt observation and so the data is more likely to be valid. Unable to produce data a whole. Observation is a common method used in all sciences, whether physical or social. Advantages Observing direct behavior. To cut a long winded definition short, ethnography is basically the same as participant observation, but includes the writing up of a detailed account of one’s findings: Ethnography = participant observation + a detailed written account of one’s findings. The Objectives of these Notes are to help you to understand: 1. Research Methods A-Z Glossary – a more comprehensive index of the key terms you need to know for AS and A Level Sociology He came to know about their habits, likes, dislikes, problems, perception, different activities and so many other things. These cookies do not store any personal information. The most significant strength of both types of participant observation is the high degree of validity the method achieves. An important distinction in Participation/ Ethnography is between covert and over observation. The sociologist sees life through their eyes. Advantages compared to participant observations. Advantages of overt observation- it avoids ethical problem of obtaining information by deciet, it allows the researcher to use interview methods to check insights derived from observations Disavntages- can create hawthorne effect informed consent. The personal bias, personal view or looking at things in a particular way often creates obstacle for making valid generalization. Not possible to know intentions behind behavior. Therefore many suggested that observation must be supplemented by other methods also. An overt participant observation is a method favoured by interpretivist sociologists who are keen to obtain valid and meaningful data which is often very rich and detailed. Nonetheless, Participant Observation is still technically classified, for the purposes of A-level sociology as a ‘qualitative’ method. Observation can deal with phenomena which are not capable of giving verbal information about their behaviour, feeling and activities simply for the reason that they cannot speak e.g. Therefore, aiming to keep the observation objective and free from bias. Ethnographic research has traditionally involved taking copious field notes, and the resulting ‘monographs’ which are produced can take several months, if not a year or more to write up. Although scientific controlled observation requires some technical skill of the researcher, still it is easier than other methods. One theoretical disadvantage is the low degree of reliability. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. It is a difficult task on the part of the researcher to determine their time and place. One advantage is that participants are aware you are researching them and so you’re able to write down notes about what you are observing and record it. Most of the social phenomenon is abstract in nature. But in observation the observer can directly check the accuracy from the observed. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. So very often the data collected through observation is more reliable than these collected through interview or questionnaire. Advantages of overt observation avoids ethical issue of deceit + having to join in activities, can ask naive but important questions, can take notes openly, can use interview methods Disadvantages of overt observation may refuse permission to observe/ prevent from seeing everything , risks Hawthorne effect Advantages of covert observation MARK SCHEME – GCSE SOCIOLOGY – 8192/2 - SAMS 8 07 Identify and explain one advantage of using observation to investigate policing in urban areas. It also adds some of the advantages of interviews (especially group interviews) to the advantages of other forms of observation, as the researcher can probe people for explanations or further information. >> Does not rely on people’s willingness or ability to provide information. Report a Violation, 8 Characteristics of Observation Method of Data Collection, Questionnaire Method of Data Collection : Advantages and Disadvantages. According to P.V. They argue the method lacks objectivity. Observation is a qualitative method of collecting and analyzing the information by observing the subjects under the natural or contrived environment. Allows control of extraneous variable. This first-hand, embedded method of collecting information often leads to copious, rich data. Nobody knows when such an event will take place. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Furthermore, it also prevents the researcher from becoming over-familiar with the participants and ‘going native’. By observing a phenomenon continuously, the researcher may get well acquainted with the observed. Ethnography is traditionally associated with anthropology, wherein the anthropologist visits a (usually) foreign land, gains access to a group (for example a tribe or village), and spends several years living with them with the aim of uncovering their culture. -Participant observation can be either covert (When the researcher is observing the group/participants by blending in) or overt (When the researcher tells the group/participants that they are being observed). Participant observation is closely related to the ethnographic method (or ‘ethnography’), which consists of an in-depth study of the way of life of a group of people. AS level Sociology Mind Map on Participant Observation Advantages and Disadvantages, created by Ronnie Barter on 28/02/2018. Observation involves travelling, staying at the place of phenomena and purchasing of sophisticated equipment’s. Interpretivists see observation as having a number of advantages: It is naturalistic – people are observed as they follow their everyday routine. Furthermore, it also prevents the researcher from becoming over-familiar with the participants and ‘going native’. What are the advantages of observation? Firstly, this method tends to be time consuming and expensive in relation to the relatively small amount of respondents. A level sociology revision – education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more! Start studying Sociology- Observation. Content Guidelines 2. Image Guidelines 5. It allows the researcher to enter the situation with an open mind and as new situations are encountered they can be followed up. On the other hand, it may not occur in the constant presence of the observer. Advantages of Overt Participant Observation An advantage of overt observation is the avoiding ethics issues such as deception or lack of informed consent. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. You can take on the role of the ‘professional stranger’ – respondents might tell you things because they know you are not ‘one of them’, 4. There are few practical advantages with this method, but participant observation might be the only methods for gaining access to certain groups. This should mean the Hawthorne effect will be less, especially with covert research. to study such phenomena. Learn how your comment data is processed. It can take time to gain trust and build rapport, and so for this reason, it may take several days, weeks or even months, before the respondents really start to relax in the presence of the researcher. Observational research is a term that encompasses many different forms of qualitative inquiry, each of which deals with monitoring and noting conditions as they exist in the field, rather than constructing an experimental design. It does not require much technical knowledge. Observation plays a crucial role in marketing research as it observes the manner in which consumers behave in their natural environment. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Not everyone can pass as a Hells Angel if covert observation is being used! 11. P.V. So these are indirect methods and here the investigator does not have any means to examine the accuracy of the data supplied by them. Some General Advantages of Structured Non Participant Observation. The Observation method of research is basically developed for observing people in their natural setting. These both have their strengths and limitations – overt research is obviously more ethical because of the lack of deception, and it allows the researcher to ask probing questions and use other research methods. Digging deep and gaining insight – the length of time ethnographers spend with a community means that close bonds that can be established, thus enabling the researcher to dig deeper than with other methods and find out things which may be hidden to all other means of enquiry. Observation is one of the main bases of formulating hypothesis. infants or animals. Although observation cannot always overcome such problems, still relatively speaking it requires less active co-operation and willingness of respondents. This post covers the theoretical, practical and ethical strengths and limitations of using overt and covert participant observation in social research. It does not require much technical knowledge. monitor the activities of a group or get information without their knowing that he or she is a police officer It focuses more on their everyday normal life. It can be very difficult for the researcher to avoid subjectivity and forming biased views of the group being studied. Young, “the full answers cannot be collected by observation alone”. The problem with this is what if the questions the researcher thinks are important are not the same as the ones the subject thinks are important. Ethical problems are mainly limited to Covert Participant Observation, in which respondents are deceived and thus cannot give informed consent to participate in the research.

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