is argon a molecular element

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• is argon a molecular element

  High-purity chemicals and pharmaceuticals are sometimes packed and sealed in argon.[43]. And what's inside them? As befits an element that flies under the chemical and physical radar unless provoked, it is colorless, odorless and tasteless. [12][13] An unreactive gas was suspected to be a component of air by Henry Cavendish in 1785.[14]. [23], Argon has also been used experimentally to replace nitrogen in the breathing or decompression mix known as Argox, to speed the elimination of dissolved nitrogen from the blood.[47]. Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. Argon compounds, the chemical compounds that contain the element argon, are rarely encountered due to the inertness of the argon atom. We use the most common isotopes. For bulk stoichiometric calculations, we are usually determining molar mass, which may also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass. The element seemed so inert that Lavoisier named it azote, meaning "without life". In 2014, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) added argon and xenon to the list of prohibited substances and methods, although at this time there is no reliable test for abuse. Molecular mass or molar mass are used in stoichiometry calculations in chemistry. The name "argon" is derived from the Greek word ἀργόν, neuter singular form of ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive", as a reference to the fact that the element undergoes almost no chemical reactions. It has a half-life of 35 days.[24]. [23], Argon has been used by athletes as a doping agent to simulate hypoxic conditions. [31] Argon-36, in the form of argon hydride (argonium) ions, has been detected in interstellar medium associated with the Crab Nebula supernova; this was the first noble-gas molecule detected in outer space. Henry Moseley later solved this problem by showing that the periodic table is actually arranged in order of atomic number (see History of the periodic table). When an element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) reacts with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal), a transfer of electrons usually occurs, producing ions. The 39Ar activity in the atmosphere is maintained by cosmogenic production through the knockout reaction 40Ar(n,2n)39Ar and similar reactions. Argon is used in some types of arc welding such as gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding, as well as in the processing of titanium and other reactive elements. Ionic Compounds. [15][16][17] They first accomplished this by replicating an experiment of Henry Cavendish's. [19] Each observed new lines in the emission spectrum of air that did not match known elements. Until 1957, the symbol for argon was "A", but now it is "Ar". Argon memiliki kelarutan dalam air yang kurang lebih sama dengan oksigen, dan 2,5 kali lebih mudah larut dalam air daripada nitrogen.Argon tak berwarna, tak berbau dan tidak mudah terbakar serta tidak beracun dalam kondisi padat, cair, maupun gas. Thus, barium dodecahydride is the first known molecular superhydride with metallic conductivity embedded in layers and one-dimensional chains of molecular hydrogen. Argon has approximately the same solubility in water as oxygen and is 2.5 times more soluble in water than nitrogen. Liquid argon is used as the target for neutrino experiments and direct dark matter searches. Ionic Compounds. It forms at pressures between 4.3 and 220 GPa, though Raman measurements suggest that the H2 molecules in Ar(H2)2 dissociate above 175 GPa. This discovery caused the recognition that argon could form weakly bound compounds, even though it was not the first. The arc was powered by a battery of five Grove cells and a Ruhmkorff coil of medium size. It is used in a procedure called "argon-enhanced coagulation", a form of argon plasma beam electrosurgery. Calculate the molecular weight Argon is used to displace oxygen- and moisture-containing air in packaging material to extend the shelf-lives of the contents (argon has the European food additive code E938). To complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert. [28] In August 2000, another argon compound, argon fluorohydride (HArF), was formed by researchers at the University of Helsinki, by shining ultraviolet light onto frozen argon containing a small amount of hydrogen fluoride with caesium iodide. LAMMPS Publications This page lists papers that cite LAMMPS via the original 1995 J Comp Phys paper discussed here, which includes a discussion of the basic parallel algorithms in LAMMPS.Papers that describe later algorithmic development in LAMMPS are also listed here.. This full valence shell makes argon very stable and extremely resistant to bonding with other elements. Before 1962, argon and the other noble gases were considered to be chemically inert and unable to form compounds; however, compounds of the heavier noble gases have since been synthesized. Argon is preferred to less expensive nitrogen in cases where nitrogen may react with the reagents or apparatus. Argon is colorless, odorless, nonflammable and nontoxic as a solid, liquid or gas. This site explains how to find molar mass. [38], Argon is sometimes used for extinguishing fires where valuable equipment may be damaged by water or foam.[39]. Nitrogen, oxygen and argon are elements, water vapor and carbon dioxyde are … Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Between locations in the Solar System, the isotopic composition of argon varies greatly. Compared to xenon, argon is cheaper and has a distinct scintillation time profile, which allows the separation of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils. Argon is denser than air and displaces oxygen close to the ground during inert gas asphyxiation. [34], Argon is extracted industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air in a cryogenic air separation unit; a process that separates liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77.3 K, from argon, which boils at 87.3 K, and liquid oxygen, which boils at 90.2 K. About 700,000 tonnes of argon are produced worldwide every year.[23][35]. Because of this, it is used in potassium–argon dating to determine the age of rocks. 343–383. What is the element's favorite carnival ride? doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01. [6] Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) on the basis of the bonds present in them. When an element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) reacts with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal), a transfer of electrons usually occurs, producing ions. "Noble Gases". These relative weights computed from the chemical equation are sometimes called equation weights. A sample of argon gas occupies 105 mL ar 0.871 arm. Argon is also used in incandescent, fluorescent lighting, and other gas-discharge tubes. Argon's not so noble after all – researchers make argon fluorohydride", "Microscopic model of clathrate compounds", "Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere", "VI. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the … Its triple point temperature of 83.8058 K is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990. of a chemical compound, More information on This chemical property of this first noble gas to be discovered impressed the namers. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere by volume but the atmosphere of Mars contains less than 3% nitrogen. Amorphous carbon is the main constituent of charcoal, soot (carbon black), and activated carbon. molar mass and molecular weight. What Is a Diatomic Element? The interaction between the hypothetical WIMPs and an argon nucleus produces scintillation light that is detected by photomultiplier tubes. Convert grams Argon to moles  or  moles Argon to grams. They operated the arc until no more reduction of volume of the gas could be seen for at least an hour or two and the spectral lines of nitrogen disappeared when the gas was examined. Brief Solutions to Follow-up Problems 5.1 Pea, (torr) ~ (753.6 mmHg-NEW and Unique to This Text!-174.0 mmHg) X ---1 torr ImmHg = 579.6 torr [50], Argon-39, with a half-life of 269 years, has been used for a number of applications, primarily ice core and ground water dating. Argon is 2.5 times more soluble in water than nitrogen and is about as soluble as oxygen. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv).It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more … The new process would eliminate the need for chemical baths and use of expensive, dangerous and rare materials. However, its compounds are vital components of foods, fertilizers, and explosives. Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. [8][9] Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of argon are trapped in a lattice of water molecules. A 1994 incident, in which a man was asphyxiated after entering an argon-filled section of oil pipe under construction in Alaska, highlights the dangers of argon tank leakage in confined spaces and emphasizes the need for proper use, storage and handling. Argon gas is also commonly used for sputter deposition of thin films as in microelectronics and for wafer cleaning in microfabrication. If you study the composition of earth, you will see there are major components that make up the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen, oxygen and even a tad bit of argon. what is the volume (in L) at 26.3 kPa? [21] Air is the primary industrial source of purified argon products. Although argon is a noble gas, it can form some compounds under various extreme conditions. The chemical element carbon is classed as a nonmetal. It is difficult to detect because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. One solid interstitial compound of argon, Ar … It has been known since ancient times. (Noble gases are unreactive.) [44], Since 2002, the American National Archives stores important national documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution within argon-filled cases to inhibit their degradation. The procedure carries a risk of producing gas embolism and has resulted in the death of at least one patient. Argon may be used as the inert gas within Schlenk lines and gloveboxes. [10] Ions, such as ArH+, and excited-state complexes, such as ArF, have been demonstrated. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Argon is used in some high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily non-reactive substances become reactive. Bar man says, "We don't serve noble gases." If the formula used in calculating molar mass is the molecular formula, the formula weight computed is the molecular weight. They trapped a mixture of atmospheric air with additional oxygen in a test-tube (A) upside-down over a large quantity of dilute alkali solution (B), which in Cavendish's original experiment was potassium hydroxide,[14] and conveyed a current through wires insulated by U-shaped glass tubes (CC) which sealed around the platinum wire electrodes, leaving the ends of the wires (DD) exposed to the gas and insulated from the alkali solution. [20], Argon constitutes 0.934% by volume and 1.288% by mass of the Earth's atmosphere. For other uses, see. Argon is … Superconductivity of BaH 12 Argon walks into a bar. However, compounds of argon have been detected in inert gas matrix isolation, cold gases, and plasmas, and molecular ions containing argon have been made and also detected in space. Moreover, is air an element or compound? Since the bonding atoms are identical, Cl 2 also features a pure covalent … [26] This contrasts with the low abundance of primordial 36Ar in Earth's atmosphere, which is only 31.5 ppmv (= 9340 ppmv × 0.337%), comparable with that of neon (18.18 ppmv) on Earth and with interplanetary gasses, measured by probes. Incandescent lights are filled with argon, to preserve the filaments at high temperature from oxidation. At Linköping University, Sweden, the inert gas is being utilized in a vacuum chamber in which plasma is introduced to ionize metallic films. The answers turn out to be astounding, even for those who think they know. However it was not widely recognised at that time. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the … Argon makes a distinctive blue-green gas laser. Argon is also used in fluorescent glow starters. Argon was first isolated from air in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay at University College London by removing oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen from a sample of clean air. 37Ar is created from the neutron capture by 40Ca followed by an alpha particle emission as a result of subsurface nuclear explosions. Follow-up Problem gives you immediate practice by presenting a similar problem. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. The gas is stored at high pressure. The remaining oxygen was reacted with alkaline pyrogallate to leave behind an apparently non-reactive gas which they called Argon. Many compounds do not contain ions but instead consist solely of discrete, neutral molecules. Before isolating the gas, they had determined that nitrogen produced from chemical compounds was 0.5% lighter than nitrogen from the atmosphere. ... Fullerenes were discovered as byproducts of molecular beam experiments in the 1980s. [18] Argon was also encountered in 1882 through independent research of H. F. Newall and W. N. The atmospheres of Mars, Mercury and Titan (the largest moon of Saturn) contain argon, predominantly as 40Ar, and its content may be as high as 1.93% (Mars).[27]. The formation of the Cl2 molecule can be understood in terms of the sharing of a pair of electr ons between the two chlorine atoms, each chlorine atom contributing one electr on to the shared pair. Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents and products in a chemical reaction. Argon is also used for blue and green argon-ion lasers. The major constituents of Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen (N 2)(78%), oxygen (O 2)(21%), and argon (Ar)(0.9%), are not greenhouse gases because molecules containing two atoms of the same element such as N 2 and O 2 have no net change in the distribution of their electrical charges when they vibrate, and monatomic gases such as Ar do … Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. This is how to calculate molar mass (average molecular weight), which is based on isotropically weighted averages. This is not the same as molecular mass, which is the mass of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes. The first argon compound with tungsten pentacarbonyl, W(CO)5Ar, was isolated in 1975. Elements are listed with, among other information, their element symbol, atomic number and atomic mass. Cryosurgery procedures such as cryoablation use liquid argon to destroy tissue such as cancer cells. [49], Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. The Ferrous Wheel, of course! Originally Answered: Is air an element, a compound, or a mixture?Air is mostly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, with a little argon and even less other contents, among them water vapor and carbon dioxyde. In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, as it is the most easily produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas. It is used for the specific way it ionizes and emits light, such as in plasma globes and calorimetry in experimental particle physics. Argon is preferred for the sputter coating of specimens for scanning electron microscopy. Nearly all of the argon in the Earth's atmosphere is radiogenic argon-40, derived from the decay of potassium-40 in the Earth's crust. Argon: A New Constituent of the Atmosphere", "About Argon, the Inert; The New Element Supposedly Found in the Atmosphere", "History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers", "New high-pressure van der Waals compound Kr(H2)4 discovered in the krypton-hydrogen binary system", "Periodic Table of Elements: Argon – Ar", "The effect on turkey meat shelf life of modified-atmosphere packaging with an argon mixture", "Plasma electrons can be used to produce metallic films", "Investigation of 3 industry-wide applied storage conditions for compound libraries", "Schedule for Renovation of the National Archives Building", "Fatal Gas Embolism Caused by Overpressurization during Laparoscopic Use of Argon Enhanced Coagulation", "Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon–oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures", "Thermal Characteristics of Diving Garments When Using Argon as a Suit Inflation Gas", "WADA amends Section S.2.1 of 2014 Prohibited List", "Welder's Helper Asphyxiated in Argon-Inerted Pipe – Alaska (FACE AK-94-012)", "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argon&oldid=1008471613, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in an electric field, 87.302 K ​(−185.848 Â°C, ​−302.526 Â°F). Theoretical calculation predicts several more argon compounds that should be stable[11] but have not yet been synthesized. Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). Argon is inexpensive, since it occurs naturally in air and is readily obtained as a byproduct of cryogenic air separation in the production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen: the primary constituents of air are used on a large industrial scale. Molecular Compounds. Hartley. [23], The main isotopes of argon found on Earth are 40Ar (99.6%), 36Ar (0.34%), and 38Ar (0.06%). Argon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. Oxygen, a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to living organisms, being taken up by animals, which convert it to carbon dioxide; plants, in turn, utilize carbon dioxide as a source of carbon and return the oxygen to the atmosphere. Also, potassium–argon dating and related argon-argon dating is used to date sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. common chemical compounds. In the subsurface environment, it is also produced through neutron capture by 39K, followed by proton emission. Argon is isolated from air by fractionation, most commonly by cryogenic fractional distillation, a process that also produces purified nitrogen, oxygen, neon, krypton and xenon. Most of the argon in the Earth's atmosphere was produced by electron capture of long-lived 40K (40K + e− → 40Ar + ν) present in natural potassium within the Earth. Oxygen forms compounds by reaction with practically any other element. Argon bersifat inert secara kimia di bawah sebagian besar kondisi dan tidak membentuk senyawa yang stabil pada … The half-life of 39Ar is only 269 years. Compressed argon gas is allowed to expand, to cool the seeker heads of some versions of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile and other missiles that use cooled thermal seeker heads. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. For some of these processes, the presence of nitrogen or oxygen gases might cause defects within the material. Argon doesn't react. Wiley. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. Argon (Greek ἀργόν, neuter singular form of ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive") is named in reference to its chemical inactivity. Forget hydrogen you're my number one element. On the periodic table, the element with atomic number 11 is sodium (Na). This list is generated from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science bibliographic database. They concluded that there was another gas in the air mixed in with the nitrogen. Argon fluorohydride (HArF), a compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen that is stable below 17 K (−256.1 Â°C; −429.1 Â°F), has been demonstrated. The metastable ArCF2+2 dication, which is valence-isoelectronic with carbonyl fluoride and phosgene, was observed in 2010. As mentioned this tells us the element has 11 electrons, 11 protons and thus an atomic number of 11. Argon is preferable to the helium that had been used in the preceding five decades, because helium gas escapes through the intermolecular pores in most containers and must be regularly replaced.[45]. The total number of electrons around each individual atom consists of six nonbonding electrons and two shared (i.e., bonding) electrons for eight total electrons, matching the number of valence electrons in the noble gas argon. Argon produced directly by stellar nucleosynthesis is dominated by the alpha-process nuclide 36Ar. It is defined to be 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12 and in older works is also abbreviated as "amu". Argon is also used as a preservative for such products as varnish, polyurethane, and paint, by displacing air to prepare a container for storage. [52], This article is about the chemical element. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom (or group of atoms) in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by 100. These molecular compounds (covalent compounds) result when atoms share, rather than transfer (gain or lose), electrons. Correspondingly, solar argon contains 84.6% 36Ar (according to solar wind measurements),[25] and the ratio of the three isotopes 36Ar : 38Ar : 40Ar in the atmospheres of the outer planets is 8400 : 1600 : 1. Neutrino experiments include ICARUS and MicroBooNE, both of which use high-purity liquid argon in a time projection chamber for fine grained three-dimensional imaging of neutrino interactions. Mendeleev positioned the elements on his periodic table in order of atomic weight, but the inertness of argon suggested a placement before the reactive alkali metal. [46], Blue argon lasers are used in surgery to weld arteries, destroy tumors, and correct eye defects. Argon has electronic properties (ionization and/or the emission spectrum) desirable for some applications. The alkali absorbed the oxides of nitrogen produced by the arc and also carbon dioxide. In the process both chlorine atoms attain the outer shell octet of the nearest noble gas (i.e., argon). Argon is the third noble gas, making up about 1% of our atmosphere. Argon is used in the poultry industry to asphyxiate birds, either for mass culling following disease outbreaks, or as a means of slaughter more humane than electric stunning. In older versions of the periodic table, the noble gases were identified as Group VIIIA or as Group 0. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Naturally occurring 40K, with a half-life of 1.25×109 years, decays to stable 40Ar (11.2%) by electron capture or positron emission, and also to stable 40Ca (88.8%) by beta decay. The difference was slight, but it was important enough to attract their attention for many months. [42] This process results in a film usable for manufacturing computer processors. In winemaking, argon is used in a variety of activities to provide a barrier against oxygen at the liquid surface, which can spoil wine by fueling both microbial metabolism (as with acetic acid bacteria) and standard redox chemistry. In related terms, another unit of mass often used is Dalton (Da) or unified atomic mass unit (u) when describing atomic masses and molecular masses. Aerial oxidation, hydrolysis, and other chemical reactions that degrade the products are retarded or prevented entirely. Argon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. Argon may be used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography and in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; it is the gas of choice for the plasma used in ICP spectroscopy. [32][33], Solid argon hydride (Ar(H2)2) has the same crystal structure as the MgZn2 Laves phase. Click to see full answer. electr on short of the argon configuration. Two-phase detectors containing argon gas are used to detect the ionized electrons produced during the WIMP–nucleus scattering. It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). An argon atmosphere is also used for growing crystals of silicon and germanium. Argon is extracted industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Argon is gaseous at STP and is a chemically inert element gas that is colourless and odourless. [23][24], In the Earth's atmosphere, 39Ar is made by cosmic ray activity, primarily by neutron capture of 40Ar followed by two-neutron emission. [36][37] Its non-reactive nature makes it suitable in a food product, and since it replaces oxygen within the dead bird, argon also enhances shelf life. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). Argon's complete octet of electrons indicates full s and p subshells. For example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. Other noble gases would be equally suitable for most of these applications, but argon is by far the cheapest. Where the major source of argon is the decay of 40K in rocks, 40Ar will be the dominant isotope, as it is on Earth. Browse the list of As with most other liquefied noble gases, argon has a high scintillation light yield (about 51 photons/keV[40]), is transparent to its own scintillation light, and is relatively easy to purify. [7] Argon is chemically inert under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature. [22] The Earth's crust and seawater contain 1.2 ppm and 0.45 ppm of argon, respectively. The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. I am a female, Fe = Iron and Male = man Therefore, I am Iron Man. Argon, abbreviated Ar, is element number 18 on the periodic table, making it the third-lightest of the six noble gases behind helium (atomic number 2) and neon (number 10). See, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Zawalick, Steven Scott "Method for preserving an oxygen sensitive liquid product", electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket, "IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes", Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, "Material Safety Data Sheet Gaseous Argon", "HArF! Argon is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans. [41] Dark-matter detectors currently operating with liquid argon include DarkSide, WArP, ArDM, microCLEAN and DEAP. ›› Argon molecular weight. Non-greenhouse gases. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. These properties and ratios are used to determine the age of rocks by K–Ar dating. List of Representative Elements in S Block The S Block elements or the elements in columns 1A and 2A on the left of the periodic table include Hydrogen (H), Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K). 40Ar, the most abundant isotope of argon, is produced by the decay of 40K with a half-life of 1.25×109 years by electron capture or positron emission.

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